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Climate in Himachal Pradesh : |
| The Himalaya constitute the highest mountain system of the world.
There is great diversification in the climatic conditions of Himachal
due to variation in elevation (450-6500mtrs). It varies from hot and
sub-humid tropical (450-900mtrs) in the southern Low tracts, warm
and temperate (900-1800mtrs), cool and temperate (1900-2400mtrs) and
cold alpine and glacial (2400-4800mtrs) in the northern and eastern
high mountain ranges. |
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There are three main seasons in Himachal Pradesh
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| 1. |
Cold - October
to February |
| 2. |
Hot - March
to June |
| 3. |
Rainy - July to September
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| By October, nights and mornings are very cold. Snowfall
at elevations of about 3000mtrs is about 3mtrs and lasts from December
to March. About 4500mtrs, is perpetual snow. The main season is the
spring from mid- Feb to March-April. The air is cool and fresh. Colourful
flowers adorn the valleys, forest slopes and meadows. In the hill
stations, the climate is pleasant and comfortable.The rains start
at the end of June. The entire landscape becomes green and fresh.
Streams begin to swell and springs are replenished. The heavy rains
in July and August cause damage to erosion, floods and landslides. |
| Dharamshala has the highest rainfall of 3400mm.
Spiti is the driest area (below 50mm rainfall) being enclosed by high
mountains on all sides. |
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Table showing particulars and characteristics of each zone
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| Particulars and Characteristics |
Sub Himalayan or Outer
Shivalik Zone |
Lower Himalayan Ranges
or Mid-Hill Zone |
Higher Himalayan Ranges
or High hill Zone
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Cold Himalayan zone
or Trance-Himalayan Zone |
Altitude
|
Upto 800 meters |
800 to 1,600 meters |
1,600 to 2,700 meters |
1,600 to 3,600 |
Type of Area
|
Valley areas and foot hills |
Hilly and Mountain ranges |
Alpine zone |
Lahaul Spiti and Kinnaur range |
Climate Conditions
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Sub tropical |
Slight warm temperature |
Cool temperature with humidity |
Dry and Cold temperature (Mostly snowy area) |
| Rainfall ( in mm. ) |
1,500 mm |
1,500 to 3,000 mm |
1,000 to 1,500 mm |
500 mm |
| % of total geographical area |
30 % |
10 % |
25 % |
35 % |
| % of total cultivated area |
55 % |
30 % |
10 % |
5 % |
Important Crops
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Wheat, paddy, maize, gram, sugarcane,
mustard, vegetables, potato. (Rainfed, partially irrigated) |
Wheat, pulses, barley, maize, paddy, ginger, vegetables.
(Rainfed, partially irrigated) |
Wheat, barley, buck wheat, millets,
quality seed, temperature vegetables, potato. (Rainfed, partially
irrigated) |
Temperature vegetables, Europian vegetables, wheat,
barley buck wheat, amanthus, quality seed potato. (mostly irrigated) |
Fruits
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Guava, citrus, litchi, mango etc |
Plum apricot, peaches, walnut, pomegranate,
pears etc |
Chest nut, walnut, apples, cherry
etc |
Grapes, prunes, grapes, raisin, chilgoza,
varities (dry) of apricot etc |
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