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Climate in Himachal Pradesh : |
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| The Himalaya constitute the highest mountain system
of the world. There is great diversification in the climatic conditions
of Himachal due to variation in elevation (450-6500mtrs). It varies
from hot and sub-humid tropical (450-900mtrs) in the southern Low
tracts, warm and temperate (900-1800mtrs), cool and temperate (1900-2400mtrs)
and cold alpine and glacial (2400-4800mtrs) in the northern and eastern
high mountain ranges. |
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There are three main seasons in Himachal Pradesh : |
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| 1. |
Cold - October to February |
| 2. |
Hot - March to June |
| 3. |
Rainy - July to September |
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By October, nights and mornings are
very cold. Snowfall at elevations of about 3000mtrs is about 3mtrs
and lasts from December to March. About 4500mtrs, is perpetual
snow. The main season is the spring from mid- Feb to March-April.
The air is cool and fresh. Colourful flowers adorn the valleys,
forest slopes and meadows. In the hill stations, the climate is
pleasant and comfortable.The rains start at the end of June. The
entire landscape becomes green and fresh. Streams begin to swell
and springs are replenished. The heavy rains in July and August
cause damage to erosion, floods and landslides.
Dharamshala has the highest rainfall of 3400mm. Spiti is the driest
area (below 50mm rainfall) being enclosed by high mountains on
all sides. |
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Particulars and characteristics of each
zone : |
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| Particulars and Characteristics |
Sub Himalayan or Outer
Shivalik Zone |
Lower Himalayan Ranges
or Mid-Hill Zone |
Higher Himalayan Ranges
or High hill Zone
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Cold Himalayan zone
or Trance-Himalayan Zone
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Altitude
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Upto 800 meters |
800 to 1,600 meters |
1,600 to 2,700 meters |
1,600 to 3,600 |
Type of Area
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Valley areas and foot hills |
Hilly and Mountain ranges |
Alpine zone |
Lahaul Spiti and Kinnaur range |
Climate Conditions
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Sub tropical |
Slight warm temperature |
Cool temperature with humidity |
Dry and Cold temperature (Mostly
snowy area) |
| Rainfall ( in mm. ) |
1,500 mm |
1,500 to 3,000 mm |
1,000 to 1,500 mm |
500 mm |
| % of total geographical area |
30 % |
10 % |
25 % |
35 % |
| % of total cultivated area |
55 % |
30 % |
10 % |
5 % |
Important Crops
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Wheat, paddy, maize, gram, sugarcane,
mustard, vegetables, potato. (Rainfed, partially irrigated) |
Wheat, pulses, barley, maize,
paddy, ginger, vegetables. (Rainfed, partially irrigated) |
Wheat, barley, buck wheat, millets,
quality seed, temperature vegetables, potato. (Rainfed, partially
irrigated) |
Temperature vegetables, Europian
vegetables, wheat, barley buck wheat, amanthus, quality seed
potato. (mostly irrigated) |
Fruits
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Guava, citrus, litchi, mango etc |
Plum apricot, peaches, walnut,
pomegranate, pears etc |
Chest nut, walnut, apples, cherry
etc |
Grapes, prunes, grapes, raisin,
chilgoza, varities (dry) of apricot etc |
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